Investment in public transport infrastructure is one of the most impactful measures public and private institutions can take to reduce congestion and transport emissions, enhance urban resilience, and make cities more inclusive and economically productive. However, cities and transport agencies worldwide are facing a number of fiscal challenges: the COVID-19 pandemic caused a sharp drop in ridership and revenue, forcing transport agencies to reduce services, while other cities have faced long-standing challenges in attracting financing to build new public transport infrastructure.